Parasitology

Microbiology

Investigation of stool and urine samples for ova, cysts and parasites.

Sample Type:

Stool/Sellotape test/Urine/ Perianal swab

Temperature: 2-8°C

Turnaround Time:

3-4 working Days

*Excludes Bank Holidays

Sample Stability:

5 days @ 2–8 ºC

Instrument / Procedure:

Midi Parasep Kit & Manual Microscopy

Units:
Reference Range:
Precautions:

Preparation of patient: N/A

Precautions:

Faeces; samples should be taken into a sterile universal container and before antimicrobial or antidiarrhoeal therapy. Ideally three stool specimens should be collected over no more than a 10-day period. It is usually recommended that specimens are collected every other day. Unless the patient has severe diarrhoea or dysentery, no more than one specimen should be examined within a single 24 hour period, as shedding of cysts and ova tends to be intermittent.

Sellotape slide; Enterobius vermicularis (Thread/ Pin worm). Samples should be taken between 10pm and midnight, or early in the morning, before defecation or bathing.

Method: Apply clear Sellotape to the perianal region, pressing the adhesive side of the tape firmly against the left and right perianal folds several times; the tape can be wrapped around a tongue depressor to aid specimen collection . Carefully smooth the tape back on the glass microscope slide, adhesive side down. Sellotape samples NOT affixed to a slide will NOT be examined. A swab of the area also cannot be examined.

It is recommended that samples should be taken for at least 4 to 6 consecutive days. If the results of all these are negative the patient can be considered free from infection.

Urine; (for S. haematobium) samples should be taken into a sterile urine container. Optimum specimen collection is a terminal urine sample taken between 10am and 2pm (period of maximum activity). Minimum volume required is 10ml.

PLEASE NOTE: Samples and accompanying relevant patient/ isolate data maybe referred for confirmatory or further laboratory testing to Reference laboratories. Relevant Public Health departments may also be notified IF a notifiable disease is identified under the Infectious Diseases (Amendment) Regulations 2020 (S.I. No. 53/2020).

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SAMPLE REQUIREMENTS FOR COAGULATION TESTS

PROCEDURE

Sample Requirements and Collection

  • Patients should be relaxed pre-venepuncture. Excessive stress and exercise will increase FVIII, vWF antigen and fibrinolysis. Venous occlusion should be avoided.
  • Difficult venepuncture with trauma may lead to platelet activation with release of PF4 fromalpha granules.
  • Venous blood should be collected into coagulation tubes containing Sodium Citrate 3.2%, 0.105M, 3ml.
  • Specimens must be mixed immediately post venepuncture to avoid clot activation, by GENTLY inverting the tubes 5 to 10 times.
  • The ratio of whole blood to anticoagulant is crucial. Under-filled specimens will not be processed as over- or under-filled tubes can adversely affect results.
  • Any warfarin treatment should be mentioned on the request form.

Transportation and Storage

  • PT/INR specimens should ideally be analysed within 12 hours of collection and transported to the laboratory at room temperature.
  • APTT and Fibrinogen should ideally be analysed within 4 hours of collection. Where this is not possible please centrifuge at room temperature (RT) @3000rpm (1500g) for at least 15 minutes, and then carefully remove the plasma from the cells, transfer to a fresh plastic plain tube and freeze at -20oC.
  • Non-frozen coagulation specimens should be transported at RT ASAP to avoid deterioration of labile factors V and VIII.
  • Collection of blood through intravenous lines that have been previously flushed with heparin should be avoided. In the event blood is drawn from an indwelling catheter, the line should be flushed with 5ml of saline, and the first 5ml of blood or 6 times the line volume be drawn off and discarded before coagulation tube is filled.

Plasma Sample Stability (CLSI H21-A5)

  • PT 24 hours @ RT or 2 weeks @ -20oC
  • APTT 4 hours @ RT or 2 weeks @ -20oC & 12 Months @ -70oC
  • Fibrinogen - 4 hours @ RT `

ESR Ref Ranges
Units of Measurement
MALE
FEMALE
>50 Years
mm/hr
0 - ≤12
0 - ≤15
<50 Years
mm/hr
0 - ≤8
0 - ≤10
Analyte
Units of Measurement
MALE
FEMALE
WBC
10^9/L
4.0 - 10.0
4.0 - 10.0
RBC
10^12/L
4.5 - 5.5
3.8 - 4.8
HB
g/dL
13.0 - 17.0
12.0 - 15.0
HCT
L/L
0.400 - 0.500
0.360 - 0.460
MCV
fL
83 - 101
83 - 101
MCH
pg
27 - 32
27 - 32
MCHC
g/dL
31.5 - 34.5
31.5 - 34.5
PLT
10^9/L
150 - 410
150 - 410
MPV
fL
N/A
N/A
RDW
%
11.6 - 14.0
11.6 - 14.0
#Neut
10^9/L
2.0 - 7.0
2.0 - 7.0
#Lymph
10^9/L
1.0 - 3.0
1.0 - 3.0
#Mono
10^9/L
0.2 - 1.0
0.2 - 1.0
#Eos
10^9/L
0.02 - 0.50
0.02 - 0.50
#Baso
10^9/L
0.02 - 0.10
0.02 - 0.10
Analyte
Units of Measurement
MALE
FEMALE
WBC
10^9/L
Up to 1 year (6.00-16.00)
Up to 6 years (5.00-15.00)
Up to 12 years (5.00-13.00)
Up to 18 years (3.88-10.49)
Up to 1 year (6.00-16.00)
Up to 6 years (5.00-15.00)
Up to 12 years (5.00-13.00)
Up to 18 years (3.88-10.49)
RBC
10^12/L
Up to 1 year (3.90-5.10)
Up to 12 years (4.00-5.20)
Up to 18 years (4.28-5.59)
Up to 1 year (3.90-5.10)
Up to 12 years (4.00-5.20)
Up to 18 years (3.73-5.02)
HB
g/dL
Up to 1 year (11.1-14.1)
Up to 6 years (11.0-14.0)
Up to 12 years (11.5-15.5)
Up to 18 years (13.5-17.2)
Up to 1 year (11.1-14.1)
Up to 6 years (11.0-14.0)
Up to 12 years (11.5-15.5)
Up to 18 years (11.3-15.2)
HCT
L/L
Up to 1 year (0.300-0.380)
Up to 6 years (0.340-0.400)
Up to 12 years (0.350-0.450)
Up to 18 years (0.381-0.499)
Up to 1 year (0.300-0.380)
Up to 6 years (0.340-0.400)
Up to 12 years (0.350-0.450)
Up to 18 years (0.323-0.462)
MCV
fL
Up to 1 year (72.0-84.0)
Up to 6 years (75.0-87.0)
Up to 12 years (77.0-95.0)
Up to 18 years (83.1-99.1)
Up to 1 year (72.0-84.0)
Up to 6 years (75.0-87.0)
Up to 12 years (77.0-95.0)
Up to 18 years (83.1-99.1)
MCH
pg
Up to 1 year (25.0-29.0)
Up to 6 years (24.0-30.0)
Up to 12 years (25.0-33.0)
Up to 18 years (28.3-33.9)
Up to 1 year (25.0-29.0)
Up to 6 years (24.0-30.0)
Up to 12 years (25.0-33.0)
Up to 18 years (28.3-33.9)
MCHC
g/dL
Up to 1 year (32.0-36.0)
Up to 6 years (31.0-37.0)
Up to 12 years (31.0-37.0)
Up to 18 years (32.1-36.6)
Up to 1 year (32.0-36.0)
Up to 6 years (31.0-37.0)
Up to 12 years (31.0-37.0)
Up to 18 years (32.1-36.6)
PLT
10^9/L
Up to 1 year (200-550)
Up to 6 years (200-490)
Up to 12 years (170-450)
Up to 18 years (164-382)
Up to 1 year (200-550)
Up to 6 years (200-490)
Up to 12 years (170-450)
Up to 18 years (164-382)
RDW
%
No separate paediatric ranges
No separate paediatric ranges
#Neut
10^9/L
Up to 1 year (1.00-7.000)
Up to 6 years (1.50-8.00)
Up to 12 years (2.00-8.00)
Up to 18 years (1.56-6.52)
Up to 1 year (1.00-7.000)
Up to 6 years (1.50-8.00)
Up to 12 years (2.00-8.00)
Up to 18 years (1.56-6.52)
#Lymph
10^9/L
Up to 1 year (3.50-11.00)
Up to 6 years (6.00-9.00)
Up to 12 years (1.00-5.00)
Up to 18 years (1.01-3.13)
Up to 1 year (3.50-11.00)
Up to 6 years (6.00-9.00)
Up to 12 years (1.00-5.00)
Up to 18 years (1.01-3.13)
#Mono
10^9/L
Up to 1 year (0.20-1.00)
Up to 6 years (0.20-1.00)
Up to 12 years (0.20-1.00)
Up to 18 years (1.01-3.13)
Up to 1 year (0.20-1.00)
Up to 6 years (0.20-1.00)
Up to 12 years (0.20-1.00)
Up to 18 years (1.01-3.13)
#Eos
10^9/L
Up to 12 years (0.10-1.00)
Up to 18 years (0.05-0.51)
Up to 12 years (0.10-1.00)
Up to 18 years (0.05-0.51)
#Baso
10^9/L
Up to 1 day (0.00-0.64)
Up to 7 days (0.00-0.25)
Up to 14 years (0.00-0.23)
Up to 18 years (0.02-0.15)
Up to 1 day (0.00-0.64)
Up to 7 days (0.00-0.25)
Up to 14 years (0.00-0.23)
Up to 18 years (0.02-0.15)
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